The Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 935-940 (2000)

Head-Bobbing In Pigeons: HowStable Is The Hold Phase?

Nikolaus F. Troje and Barrie J. Frost
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

The head movement of a walking pigeon Columbalivia is characterized by two alternating phases, a thrust phase and a holdphase. While the head is rapidly thrust forward during the thrust phase,it has been shown repeatedly that it remains virtually motionless with respectto translation along a horizontal axis (roll axis) during the hold phase.It has been shown that the stabilization during the hold phase is undervisual control. This has led to the view that the pigeons' head-bobbing isan optokinetic response to stabilize the retinal image during the hold phase.However, it has never been shown explicitly that the head is really heldstable in space with respect to other translatory or rotatory dimensions. Using videography, we show here that this is in fact the case: except for a small but systematic slip that presumably serves as an error signal for retinal image stabilization, the head of the pigeon remains locked in space not only with respect to the horizontal (roll) axis but also with respect to vertical translation (along the yaw axis) and with respect to rotation around the pitch and yaw axes.

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